背景介绍
This gene encodes a large protein that forms a structural component of the nuclear matrix. The encoded protein interacts with microtubules and plays a role in the formation and organization of the mitotic spindle during cell division. Chromosomal translocation of this gene with the RARA (retinoic acid receptor, alpha) gene on chromosome 17 have been detected in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013],
组织表达
Brain,Epithelium,Kidney,Lung,Muscle,Ovary,Testis,Uterus,
细胞定位
Nucleus . Nucleus, nucleoplasm . Nucleus matrix . Chromosome . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole . Cytoplasm, cell cortex . Cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor ; Cytoplasmic side . Lateral cell membrane . Mitotic cell cycle-dependent shuttling protein that relocalizes from the interphase nucleus to the spindle poles and cell cortex (PubMed:1541636, PubMed:10811826). The localization to the spindle poles is regulated by AAAS (PubMed:26246606). In interphase, resides in the nuclear matrix (PubMed:1541630, PubMed:1541636, PubMed:23921553). In prophase, restricted to the interchromatin or condensed chromosome space (PubMed:10811826). In prometaphase, after nuclear envelope disassembly, forms aggregates both in the spindle midzone and at duplicated centrosomes and astral microtubules (MTs) of the bipolar spindle apparatus (PubMed:10811826). Translocates from the spindle midzone towards the spindle poles along spindle fibers in a MT- and dynein-dynactin-dependent manner until the anaphase onset (PubMed:1541636, PubMed:10811826). In metaphase, recruited to the polar cortical region in a GPSM2- and GNAI1-dependent manner (PubMed:23870127, PubMed:24109598, PubMed:24996901). Excluded from the metaphase equatorial cortical region in a RanGTP-dependent manner (PubMed:22327364, PubMed:23870127). Phosphorylation on Thr-2055 by CDK1 results in its localization at spindle poles in metaphase, but not at the cell cortex (PubMed:23921553). In anaphase, recruited and anchored at the cell membrane of the polar cortical region in a EPB41-, EPB41L2-, phosphatidylinositol-dependent and GPSM2- and G(i) alpha proteins-independent manner (PubMed:23870127, PubMed:24996901, PubMed:24109598, PubMed:24371089). Excluded from the anaphase equatorial region of the cell cortex in a RACGAP1- and KIF23-dependent and RanGTP-independent manner (PubMed:24996901). Associated with astral MTs emanating from the spindle poles during anaphase (PubMed:12445386, PubMed:24996901). Nonphosphorylated Thr-2055 localizes at the cell cortex, weakly during metaphase and more prominently during anaphase in a phosphatase PPP2CA-dependent manner (PubMed:23921553). As mitosis progresses it reassociates with telophase chromosomes very early during nuclear reformation, before substantial accumulation of lamins on chromosomal surfaces is evident (PubMed:1541636). Localizes to the tips of cortical MTs in prometaphase (PubMed:26765568). Localizes along MTs and specifically to both MT plus and minus ends (PubMed:26765568). Accumulates also at MT tips near the cell periphery (PubMed:26765568). Colocalizes with GPSM2 at mitotic spindle poles during mitosis (PubMed:11781568, PubMed:21816348). Colocalizes with SPAG5 at mitotic spindle at prometaphase and at mitotic spindle poles at metaphase and anaphase (PubMed:27462074). Colocalizes with ABRO1 at mitotic spindle poles (PubMed:26195665). Colocalized with TNKS from prophase through to anaphase in mitosis (PubMed:16076287). Colocalizes with tubulin alpha (PubMed:12445386). CCSAP is essential for its centrosomal localization (PubMed:26562023). In horizontally retinal progenitor dividing cells, localized to the lateral cortical region (By similarity). .; [Isoform 3]: Cytoplasm, cytosol . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole . During interphase, mainly clustered at the centrosomal region in the cytosol. After entry into mitosis, detected at mitotic spindle poles. .; [Isoform 4]: Cytoplasm, cytosol . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole . During interphase, mainly clustered at the centrosomal region in the cytosol. After entry into mitosis, detected at mitotic spindle poles. .
功能
function:May be a structural component of the nucleus.,subcellular location:Dissociates from condensing chromosomes during early prophase, before the complete disintegration of the nuclear lamina. As mitosis progresses it reassociates with telophase chromosomes very early during nuclear reformation, before substantial accumulation of lamins on chromosomal surfaces is evident.,
